Propaganda Techniques Used By Jacques Ellul - 1804 Words

1. According to philosopher Jacques Ellul, â€Å"Propaganda is a set of methods employed by an organized group that wants to bring about the active or passive participation in its actions of a mass of individuals, psychologically, unified through psychological manipulation and incorporated in an organization.† (Bytwerk, 3) Methods of propaganda range from films, such as Leni Riefenstahl s Olympiad and Triumph of the Will, to posters, marches, and sporting events. Propaganda is a means in which a group can control and win the loyalty of its citizens. However, as Ellul states, it is not merely a tool to encourage the unification and support of a group of people, it is to call those people to actively participate in the motives and and beliefs†¦show more content†¦Propaganda does not allow room for intellectual exchange, rather, it tells people this is the ideology, policy, or ethical stance they need to hold if they want to be good people, and citizens. In Leni Riefenst ahl s Triumph of the Will, only a strong, unified Germany is presented, with speeches, rallies, and majestic shots that present a powerful leader at the head of a prideful and perfect nation. Propaganda is persuasion in that anyone watching the film is surely persuaded to sympathize with the Nazi party, who are presented as orderly and civilized, yet strong and brave. However, Triumph of the Will does nothing to persuade skeptical Germans of why they should have supported the Nazi party, or why Jews were being systematically rounded up. Instead, the film leaves out any actions that could have been questioned, and provides no actual, concrete reasons for the necessity of the Nazi party and Hitler’s leadership. It only presents Hitler as a strong leader. Propaganda intentionally commits the shared opinion error. Organizations intentionally assume that every citizen holds the same beliefs and ideologies as they do, and create propaganda that reflects the views of â€Å"all citi zens†. This is a part of the psychological manipulation that propagandists employ. By presenting the truth they want people to universally accept as unchallenged and plain fact, they create a sense of inclusivity. If a person has different viewpoints than what isShow MoreRelatedCentral Themes in the Work of Jacques Ellul708 Words   |  3 PagesJacques Ellul was a professor of history and the Sociology of Institutions on the Faculty of Law and Economic Sciences at the University of Bordeaux. He wrote 58 books and more than a thousand articles over his career, many of which discussed propaganda, the influence of technology on society, and also the correlation between religion and politics. The central theme of Ellul’s work proved to be the threat to human freedom and religion shaped by modern technology. 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