The Top Secret Truth on Writing for College Uncovered

The Top Secret Truth on Writing for College Uncovered The Benefits of Writing for College Aside from freshmen, there are particular college essays which will pose lots of problem for students. Also, it's worthy to bear in mind that in college, most students pick up part-time jobs while some get involved in collegiate sports and other extracurricular pursuits. Among the things you are soon going to notice as a new college student is the way much you've got to write. Deficiency of resources A typical college student doesn't have the necessary academic resources required to compose an essay. Internships will be able to help you affirm your writing skill level or demonstrate where you require improvement, Reynolds explained. Students don't teach their very first calendar year, which enables them to put all that energy into writing. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. They can do the same thing, but it's a long process. Nowadays you know which factors reflect the attribute of your college paper. Reread your paper's principal point and support paragraphs to determine whether any extra facts are required to help your paper. There are a couple of points, which can help you to recognize a business to keep away from. The actual individuals highly praise our essay help site. Several new businesses and writing websites show up on the internet offering their assistance. Your web designer can create buttons, but you are going to want to allow them to understand what you want to have that button to say. Our site provides custom writing help and editing aid. Our site is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. The biggest struggle students have a tendency to have is paying the out-of-pocket costs which aren't covered by financial aid. Whether you wish to begin your own freelance blog or invention business, you can't deny that social media is a central tool in promoting your business enterprise. If you prefer the topic of your research, the procedure for writing will go significantly simpler. The very first step to solving a challenge is to get other people to listen. Essays must not be overly long. Poetry courses require a minimum of five poems to be considered, whilst fiction courses require a minumum of one short story. In order to create phrases that are punctuated correctly, the author should stick to a few easy guidelines. The same is true for top essay writers. Producing the essay is simply the exact first component. Editing is a rather important portion of the writing process. Writing an incredible college admission essay is simpler than you believe! College paper is a sort of academic assignment where you must prepare a synopsis of a particular subject, analyze a selected topic and consistently express your ideas and arguments. When you are in possession of a particular topic to research, speak to the librarian or research assistant to learn about scholarly journals or books he or she recommends on the matter. All students are entitled to submit essays. You will get unique texts, which will be finished in time. By consciously selecting a way to approach your reading, you can start the very first step of exam preparation or essay writing. Writing an outline can help you to identify supporting points or flesh out your ideas, will enable you to organize your thoughts, and will allow you to recognize early in the writing process should you need to make significant modifications or do more research on a certain idea. A small planning in the beginning ca n let you organize your paragraphs appropriately to be able to accomplish the overall function of the paper.

Why Zebras Dont Get Ulcers - 1589 Words

Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers August 6, 2009 Abstract Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers by Robert M. Sapolsky, gives a description of the inner workings of the human, and animal, stress response. He talks about what physiologically happens to people when they remain in a state of stress of a long period of time. The immune response, depression, aging and death, and sexual reproduction are just some of the topics Sapolsky discusses and how stress affects each of these. Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers I chose Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers (1994) because I was intrigued by the similarities between humans and animals in regards to their responses to acute and chronic stress. As a medical professional, I feel that I have a strong†¦show more content†¦Without insulin there to make this happen, excess glucose remains in the blood if it’s not used by the muscles. Continued stress responses over time can eventually cause the uptake of glucose into the cells to be hindered, thereby creating a diabetic condition. Sapolsky goes on to explain how stress in our lives can also lead to loss of libido and reproduction. During periods of stress, males can see a decrease in circulating testosterone due to a release of specific hormones in the brain which basically shut down the activity of the testes, which are responsible for testosterone release. On the female side, the author tells us that studies have shown how stress suppresses estrogen production, which in turn disrupts sexual behavior in women. (Sapolsky, 1994. p. 124) Another interesting part of this book, talks about the decreased immune response during times of stress. Hans Selye, one of the godfathers of stress physiology, discovered the first evidence of stress-induced immunosuppression back in the 1930s. Selye learned that the same glucocorticoids that are responsible for sympathetic response, was also a large contributor in immune system suppression. Glucocorticoids stop the formation of lymphocytes as well as inhibit the release of interleukins and interferons which make already circulating lymphocytes less responsive to infections. Sapolsky hypothesized why evolution would create this process from happening. He wanted to know whyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Stress: Causes And Effects797 Words   |  4 Pagesone’s life will be healthier and happier! Works Citied Feldman, Robert S. Understanding Stress. Watts, 1992. Pgs. 15-30 Patel, Chandra. The Complete Guide to Stress Management. Plenum, 1991. Pgs. 13-25 Sapolsky, Robert M. Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers: A Guide to Stress, Stress-Related Disease, and Coping. W.H. Freeman, 1993. Pgs. 21-54 Read MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety925 Words   |  4 Pagesnervous system the first thing that usually happens to me physically is that my neck and back will start to feel tense and sore. I will also have tightness in my chest, which gets so bad that I feel like I am incapable of taking a deep breath. Mentally, I have no patience for anyone and I am quick to lose my temper. My thoughts get consumed with whatever it is that is causing me distress. Immediately my mind goes straight to the worst-case scenario, which ultimately ends up exacerbating my anxiety. TheRead MoreAging And Many Other Body And Mind System2787 Words   |  12 Pagesalways anxious. Both our bodies and minds get seriously affected with this. In case of zebras, it is different. Running away from a lion is stressful for the zebras, but this very activity does not harm their bodies. Hence, they quickly and easily recover from that state. Therefore, it can be stated that though the human brain is more developed from the brains of the other mammals, it is always not a boon for the human beings. Most of the animals including zebras live in a peaceful state. Though, theyRead MoreEssay on Stress and Cardiovascular Disease1245 Words   |  5 Pages2003). Obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise all have a direct relationship with developing or worsening a preexisting case of cardiovascular disease. These things either enhance the build up of plaque in the arteries or do nothing to slow down or get rid of the problem. With this dangerous combination, it is only a matter of time before an individual develops CHD. It is important for the public to realize how stress can impact their overall health. If men and women want to live longer it isRead MoreStress in the 21st Century Essay2392 Words   |  10 Pagesproblem may develop. Research has found that psychological and psychosomatic conditions such as depression, diabetes, hair loss, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, obesity, obsessive-compulsive disorders, sexual dysfunction, tooth and gum diseases, ulcers, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, anorexia nervosa, tuberculosis, asthma, arthritis and even cancer are thought to be caused in part, if not fully, by stress. This is mainly due to the negative effect chronic stress has on the immune system11Read MoreRepressed Memories Essay3891 Words   |  16 Pagesvigilance, memory is best. As the mental state moves further on to alarm, fear, and finally terror, brain regions associated with cognition all but shut off. The way information is stored is a function of what part of the brain is on , and the way it get recalled is also a function of what part of the brain is on, says Perry. Memory formation is also influenced by the biochemistry of the stress response. The chronic severe stress that occurs with long-term abuse seems particular able to impair activity

Operating and Financial Budget Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Operating and Financial Budget Analysis. Answer: Introduction Organization is accompanied by complex set of activities in which various functions are performed to achieve certain goals and objectives. This presentation shows the operating and financial business plan of the company running its business in United Arab Emirates. However, due to high import cost and non-availability of the workforce, company has to bear high cost in its manufacturing activities. Present description of organization This company is accompanied by five members with a view to manufacture furniture in UAE. The name of the company is Adroal Business Company which is operated in UAE to sell its products on domestic and international level. Description of operating and financial budget Operating budget- These are the expected expenses which are prepared in advance with a view to evaluate the future income and expense of the business (Samuels Sawers, 2017). Finance budget- This budget format helps company to evaluate or identify the future cash inflow and outflow from the business. It helps in identify the cost of capital and efficiency of business in advances. Budget analysis of company This Adroal business company is manufacturing furniture and other wooden structured items and sells these products in UAE and other countries. However, budget is prepared to estimate the total amount of cost involved in the manufacturing of these furnitures. Most of the part of the cost for manufacturing of furniture is related to wages, rent building, machinery rent and factory cost. This budget is prepared to evaluate the proper cost of the business and identify the per units of furniture of the organization. The total furniture unit cost of the Adroal business company is AED 61160. In this cost, Adroal Business Company will manufacture around 100 units of its furnitures and 20 other items. Project escalation of AED 2000 has also been added as safety margin for the company in case of sluggish market condition. Financial budget of the Adroal business company This financial budget of Adroal Business Company is computed on the basis of the real data and actual cost which will be involved in manufacturing the furniture (Hastings, (2015). Name of the company- Adroal business company Fiscal Year 2017-2018 Operating Budget Code Description Actual Expenditures Actual Expenditures Operating Budget Object of Expense: . . . 1001 Wages and salaries to employees (100 employees) AED 50,000 AED 50,000 AED 40,000 1002 Personnel Benefits AED 5,000 AED 5,000 AED 4,000 2001 Utilities AED 300 AED 400 AED 400 2002 Rent-Building AED 80 AED 80 AED 70 2003 Professional Fees and Services AED 80 AED 80 AED 90 3001 Equipment AED 2,000 AED 2,500 AED 3,000 3002 Rent-Machine and other AED 450 AED 400 AED 700 4001 Communication Costs AED 500 AED 500 AED 400 4002 Consumable Supplies AED 500 AED 500 AED 400 4003 Other Operating Expense AED 800 AED 700 AED 700 4004 Travel AED 450 AED 400 AED 700 4005 Marketing Expenses AED 500 AED 500 AED 400 5001 Service Delivery Costs AED 500 AED 500 AED 400 . Total Object of Expense AED 61,160 AED 61,560 AED 51,260 The operating cost of the company is AED 51260 which is very low. Company could develop core competency in cost by selling its furniture at very low cost. Computation of units per furniture of the Adroal Business Company This the cost per units which is computed on the basis of the estimated expenses incurred in factory and units of furniture produced by using the same. However, company has followed cost leadership strategy. This will allow company to add only 10% profit margin in its cost of the per units furniture (Whitecotton, Libby Phillips, 2013). Cost of per unit furniture = Cost of the furniture units Amount Total cost of all furniture AED 61,560 Furniture manufactured 60 Per unit cost AED 1,026 Sales price of the furnitures units After evaluating the data, it is observed that per unit cost of the furniture is AED 1128.6 which would be very low as compared to other rivals in market (Finkler et al. 2016). Cost of the furniture units Amount Total cost of all furniture AED 61,560 Furniture manufactured 60 Per unit cost AED 1,026 Profit margin 10% Sales prices AED 1,128.60 Recommendation Prepared budget should also include at least 20% of the project margin which is added with a view to fight with the sluggish market condition (Sullivan, et al. 2014). Adroal Business Company should follow absorption strategy to allocate its cost to different department. By products incurred from the factory should be sold in market and its income should be used to deduct the cost of overall manufactured furniture. Conclusion Adroal business Company has kept its price low and followed cost leadership strategy. This prepared budget will allow Adroal business Company to identify the cost associated with the business and setting the price of its products in advances. This will help in making advertisement of the products in advance and arrangement of capital as well. References Samuels, J.A. Sawers, K.M., (2017). SRS Educational Supply Company: An Instructional Budget Project.Issues in Accounting Education. Hastings, N.A.J., (2015). Capital Planning and Budget. InPhysical Asset Management(pp. 207-222). Springer International Publishing. Whitecotton, S., Libby, R. Phillips, F., (2013).Managerial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Finkler, S.A., Smith, D.L., Calabrese, T.D. Purtell, R.M., (2016).Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations. CQ Press. Sullivan, S.D., Mauskopf, J.A., Augustovski, F., Caro, J.J., Lee, K.M., Minchin, M., Orlewska, E., Penna, P., Barrios, J.M.R. Shau, W.Y., (2014). Budget impact analysisprinciples of good practice: report of the ISPOR 2012 Budget Impact Analysis Good Practice II Task Force.Value in health,17(1), pp.5-14.

Introducing the calcium

Introduction Consumers are generally influenced by two factors: internal influences and external influences. Internal influences are personal feelings and thought that includes self-concept, motivation, attitudes, emotions and perceptions. These factors generally influence perception, purchasing patterns, and attitude customers develop towards a product or a service offered by business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Introducing the calcium-fortified Pepsi drink in the UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, these factors are directly linked to internal and external interacting social aspects that control the pattern of though and expressed feelings. Reflecting on internal and external influences, this paper develops a comprehensive matrix for purchasing patterns exhibited by customers of the Pepsi soft drink in the UAE in relation to the future marketing practices that the Pepsi Company may adopt in order to penetrate the Middle Eastern market. Marketing the Pepsi drink in the UAE Market dynamics and consumer behaviour in the UAE It is necessary for the Pepsi Company to tailor its calcium-fortified drink to suit the acceptable cultural norms in the UAE. Several external influences affect consumer behaviour in UAE. These influences include individual culture and sub-culture, group associations, social cultural and household structure since the consumption and purchasing behaviour is heavily influenced by the unique UAE conservative culture[1]. The general buying decision in the UAE There has been substantial research on consumer behaviour, examining the decision process and influences upon it. These are in terms of store and brand characteristics and consumer behaviours. Solomon (2009) notes, â€Å"Central to the theories of consumer behaviour is the conviction that different consumers go through markedly complex decision making process that is influenced at different stages by a nu mber of possible variables†[2]. The buying process normally begins with the need for a particular product or good. The ‘need recognition’ by consumers is essential part of the buying process because purchase cannot take place without it. Thus, the acceptance of the calcium-fortified Pepsi soft drink will depend on recognition of its significance in UAE. The second stage in the decision making process is ‘information search’. The need that is created prompts a consumer to such for available information concerning the good or service that can satisfy that need. Information search occurs internally and externally. The internal search involves search for information from the memory of the consumer and is determined by past experiences with such products. External search is employed when the internal search fails to provide the information necessary to help the consumer make the buying decision in the UAE.Advertising Looking for essay on business eco nomics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After realizing the need to purchase, the UAE consumers engage in information search to be able to determine the best quality and cheapest brand available in the market that is aligned to their unique culture. ‘Evaluation’ is the last Stage before the consumers decide to make the purchase. It is a process by which an alternative evaluation is based on price, brand name and country of origin before the product is selected to meet the need[3]. Despite the fact that the market for Pepsi products have been in existence for a long time in UAE, there has never been a calcium-fortified drink from this global company. As a result of the recent economic difficulties, families in the UAE have been scrimping and operating on relatively fixed budgets. Families may benefit from the new Pepsi product since it promises rich calcium to the young children. Reflectively, the potential clients are likely to accept this product since it usability is on a daily basis, that is, most UAE snacks are incomplete without the soft drinks. This would make potential clients prefer this product especially now that it also promises calcium nutrient. Thus, as an efficient and affordable product, potential UAE clients are likely to embrace this drink as part of their dieting programs in their homes[4]. Potential influencing factors This calcium-fortified Pepsi soft drink targets families on both ends of the economic ladder. They purchase and consumer fresh drinks often and have a budget allocation for the same from time to time. These families are spread across all regions of UAE and are major consumers of soft drinks as revealed by the current statistics. Thus, the main factor that would influence their behaviour is the social identification with the product, that is, it is the first of its kind besides offering rich calcium nutritional value to the UAE users. Moreover, the product is like ly to change the perception of the UAE clients whose purchasing ability is defined by perceived quality. Thus, the Pepsi Company should utilize advertising materials such as print, broadcast and internet ads as a product that is well-worth its price. Given the literacy levels and the exposure to technological inventions of the target buyers, the group is likely to choose the imported calcium-fortified Pepsi drink among other products performing the same function based on the psychological perception created by these advertisements. Properly designed online marketing and product distribution management facilitated the success and sustainability in online marketing since it operated within stipulated business laws. Among the new development elements that the Pepsi Company should incorporate in the segmented UAE market include trust, distribution, fair retribution process, and passing accurate information to target audience to restore confidence within these networks.Advertising W e will write a custom essay sample on Introducing the calcium-fortified Pepsi drink in the UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Potential risks factors The potential risk factors that may face the calcium-fortified Pepsi drink is the possibility of rejection by the older members of the UAE since their bodies do not need too much calcium. Since the product will penetrate the market whit the message of calcium fortification, the new Pepsi drink will be vulnerable to distorted messages on calcium content since the target market is known for its reservations and rejection based on what a close family member says about the product[5]. In order to avoid the above risks, the new Pepsi drink should come with self explanatory sticker written in simple language that the potential consumer can understand and read in order to know the exact calcium content. Besides, Pepsi Company should make the stickers in Arabic language in order to create a se nse of belonging as the potential UAE customer of the soft drink will want to associate with a product they can understand[6]. Distribution network for the new Pepsi drink in UAE The physical distribution patterns are with no doubt a critical area of focus. This will make use of the company’s brand logos that are highly recognized by most of the UAE consumers to build other distribution channels in the UAE market. The Pepsi Company may use the already existing distribution network to make the new soft drink easily available in all regions of the UAE. For various reasons, the provision of the calcium-fortified Pepsi drink would be best done by sales persons of the UAE native. This will increase the chances of credibility and ease on the interpersonal variables during product promotion and provision[7]. The potential UAE customers will not have to struggle to get this product which is likely to be part of their daily dieting needs. Conclusion Consumer behaviour is a decision-ma king process and all activities that a potential customer is involved in prior to acquisition, evaluation, use, and disposition of goods and services. Consumer’s decision making thus is complicated, dynamic, multi dimensional process as is the case in UAE. Essentially, success of brand and product management for the proposed calcium-fortified Pepsi soft drink as part of consumer behaviour in UAE will depends on a proper alignment of the company’s functional idea into the creation of flexible, involuntary, and quantifiable measurement of perception among the target UAE customers. The calcium-fortified Pepsi soft drink is likely to penetrate the UAE market since the calcium nutrient content will be its competitive advantage to cue to perceptions of the conservative UAE society. However, the product may face minor resistance from the market segment targeting the elders due to its high calcium content which they do not need.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bibliography Rong, TS, Consumer Behaviour, Wu-Nan Book Co. Ltd, Taipei, 2009. Solomon, M, Consumer behaviour: buying, having, and being, 8th edn, Prentice Hall Higher Education, Madison, 2009. Winchester, M, â€Å"Positive and negative brand beliefs and brand defection/uptake,† European Journal of Marketing, vol. 42 no. 6, 2006, pp. 553-570. Footnotes M Solomon, Consumer behavior: buying, having, and being, 8th edn, Prentice Hall Higher Education, Madison, 2009, pp. 16-45. Ibid TS Rong, Consumer Behavior, Wu-Nan Book Co. Ltd, Taipei, 2009. PP. 21-56. M Winchester, â€Å"Positive and negative brand beliefs and brand defection/uptake,† European Journal of Marketing, vol. 42 no. 6, 2006, pp. 553-570. M Winchester, â€Å"Positive and negative brand beliefs and brand defection/uptake,† European Journal of Marketing, vol. 42 no. 6, 2006, pp. 553-570. TS Rong, Consumer Behavior, Wu-Nan Book Co. Ltd, Taipei, 2009. PP. 21-56. M Winchester, â€Å"Positive and negative b rand beliefs and brand defection/uptake,† European Journal of Marketing, vol. 42 no. 6, 2006, pp. 553-570. This essay on Introducing the calcium-fortified Pepsi drink in the UAE was written and submitted by user Sloane Perkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Coliseum essays

Coliseum essays The Coliseum was first called the Flavian Ampitheatre, after the men who built it. The builders were emperors Vespasian and Titus. The building of the Coliseum began around 70 A.D. The ampitheartre probably got the name Coliseum because a colossal statue of Nero which stood near it. The Coliseum was finally finished in 80 A.D. It seated over 50,000 people. The opening of the Coliseum was marked by 100 days of games, in which thousands of animals and gladiators were killed. Sometimes, the floors were taken out and were flooded in order to stage naval battles, even though these battles were mostly held in large basins. There were eighty entrances to the Coliseum, and the emperor had his own special one which lead to his box seat. From his seat, he was able to decide the fate of the gladiators who fought in the arena. The floor of the arena was wooden and covered with sand. Beneath the wooden boards and sand was a maze of passageways, and spaces to hold animals while they werent being used. There was an elevator used to carry the animals from the basement to the arena floor. The passageways underneath the floors can still be seen today. They had a special way of seating all 50,000 people in about 15 minutes. What they did was that each person picked a ticket before the game. Each ticket corresponded with one of the eighty entrances, which were all marked. Each ticket also had a row and seat number on it. There were upper class seats, which were made of marble, which was where the senators and rich people sat. There was also a lower class seats, which were made up of wooden benches. This seating arrangement is still used today from bullfights in Spain to baseball games in America. ...

Punctuation Errors When Posing a Question

Punctuation Errors When Posing a Question Punctuation Errors When Posing a Question Punctuation Errors When Posing a Question By Mark Nichol When writers pose a question, or call attention to one, they sometimes impose unnecessary punctuation in the framing sentence. Here are a few examples of extraneous punctuation in such sentences. 1. â€Å"To pass a necessity test usually means a negative response to the question: ‘Can the same result be obtained by other means?’† A colon is correctly used only when it follows a complete thought; it serves as a traffic sign noting that what follows is a definition, expansion, or explanation. The question in question is none of these it’s just a question, and to precede it with a colon (or a comma) implies that it’s the only existing question. Delete colons in such constructions: â€Å"To pass a necessity test usually means a negative response to the question ‘Can the same result be obtained by other means?’† (And because the quotation is not attributed no one is credited with a â€Å"Smith said† type of attribution the comma that normally follows such a phrase is not necessary before the quotation here.) 2. â€Å"There remains the question: where, if at all, should we draw the line?† This sentence suffers from the same problem as the previous one. The question is not styled to suggest that it was actually uttered or can be uttered, although that is possible; it’s an unspoken expression of a problem to solve and can therefore be incorporated directly into the framing sentence: â€Å"There remains the question of where, if at all, we should draw the line.† 3. â€Å"The question was how to translate and standardize these successful processes across a company that had several new divisions, a diverse global spread, and disparate technical platforms?† This sentence is correctly rendered in terms of the incorporation recommended for the previous example, but one problem remains no question is literally posed in the sentence, the syntax of which is declarative so interrogative punctuation is not appropriate: â€Å"The challenge was to translate and standardize these successful processes across a company that had several new divisions, a diverse global spread, and disparate technical platforms.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesAwoken or Awakened?15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

Textual Analysis about Your Fate Hurtles Down at You Essay

Textual Analysis about Your Fate Hurtles Down at You - Essay Example despite these circumstances, those who are left have to learn to survive and find the reason for their existence, or at least will be lead by fate to that reason. â€Å"Your Fate Hurtles Down at You† reflects more of the life that is comparable to the sting of cold in an icy setting. The setting of the story may not just have been a chance choice for the author to develop what he wanted to communicate to his readers rather has been carefully considered to put emphasis on his points. First, Davos is a place which is perfect for the research about ice and snow because of its geographical make up. Although some important parts of the story did not occur in the same area, the settings are similar in that, they are prone to avalanches. This circumstance is what the author uses to emphasize the title of the story, used as a metaphor. As an avalanche falls anytime without warning, fate hurtles down inevitably on people, whether they like it or not. The narration of the death of the storyteller’s twin brother, Willi, is a strong demonstration of how fate hurtles down on a person. He did not like to die, he was young and in love with Ruth who was pregnant with their child. Nevertheless, he was destined to die young and as his death came suddenly and unexpectedly, this event and the cause of death portray the suddenness of how fate could hit an individual. On the other hand, the fate of Willi’s brother is to love the same woman he adored, Ruth. Despite the fact that Ruth showed interest on Willi more than his twin brother, the other did not stop loving her. This, is the author’s fate. To love the woman who loved his brother and just cannot learn to love him despite his brother’s demise. This fate could be different to that of Willi’s but it is comparable to it. If the cause of Willi’s death is an avalanche, the cause of his brother’s end to loving other women is Ruth. Willi’s brother was competing with Bader for the affections of an Alsatian widow but he

Marriage and Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Marriage and Divorce - Essay Example This discussion takes an in-depth look at marriage and divorce including a brief historical assessment, statistics and trends regarding both marriage and divorce and the many varied factors that contribute to divorce. It also includes the story of a couple that are now happily married after both experienced divorce and input from two experts in the field who give advice on how to avoid actions and feelings that contribute to an unhappy marriage. The sanctioned ceremonial joining together of a man and woman can be found throughout all societies of the world and predates the written language, the use of sophisticated tools and expressions of art. However, this practice has taken on many forms in the long history of mankind (â€Å"History of Marriage†, n.d.). Ancient peoples formed societies because they found safety in numbers, the ‘pack mentality.’ Pairing-off into man-woman couples provides many advantages that are common to early and modern day people as well which includes the proliferation of bloodlines, a structured system that enhances the chances for successful reproduction and allowing for an orderly procedure in which to pass along property and other assets to family members. Marriage, in both early history and today, is the product of love and affection and, to roughly the same degree, a need for economic and social stability. The custom of wearing a wedding ring dates back to the days of Ancient Rome. Its round form was and is still believed to symbolize an eternal and never-ending union of two souls (â€Å"History of Marriage†, n.d.). Around the time of the fall of the Roman Empire, the practice of polygamy was officially prohibited and laws were enacted banning adulterous relationships as well as all other types of relationships that were considered inconsistent with a permanent, monogamous covenant. These

The Most Common Cause Of Dementia Essay Example for Free

The Most Common Cause Of Dementia Essay By not giving a person a person centred approach you may be taking away a person human rights , in some cases families and care environments have made decisions for an individual , not taking into account the may still be able to make certain or all decisions for themselves . Behaviour changes in someone with dementia may not be so noticeable a first ,they may start to repeat words and sentences for repeat the same question, anxiety ,difficulty in daily routine , more forgetful, More noticeable changes are disorientation as to where they are time of day ,recognising familiar people, unable to follow instructions or retain information, impaired judgement , you may also notice that there body gait can be effected finding it hard to balance, hallucination’s . A person personality may change with dementia, you may not see the personality that they have had before this could be agitated, anxious aggression, quieter, depressed. it is important to record any changes in a person’s behaviour , as this could be an indication that the person dementia needs have changed and progressed although we should never assume it is a progression in the dementia as changes in behaviour could be an indication that there is an underlying health need e.g. UTI . Support may still need to be access but with the relevant professional. Having a diagnosis of dementia can affect people in different way ‘s, for some people it is a long awaited explanation to the changes that they have been experiencing , they may feel that they can now start to move forward and that someone has listened to them .It is obviously a emotional experience having a dementia diagnosis for the individual and their families ,they may have disbelief if and put it down to general aging they may also feel a sense of loss ,and that the plans that they had made for the future will change, Individual families may have been aware of One important point to remember is when working with service user with a disability or impairment that they may need different aids to communicate. When working with individuals with dementia they may need to be prompted or given time to understand the question; different types of communication need to be used depending on the individual. Trevithick (2012) highlights the difference forms of communication; one of them is active listening. Active listening is when the professional listens to the service user and repeats parts or the entire sentence to show understanding, the same vis versa for service users. www.wbmd.com/alzheimers/guide/alzeimers/guide/alzheimers-dementia (07.11.2014) www.nhs.uk/conditions /dementia-guide/pages/cause-of-dementia (01.11.14) www.alzfdn.org/aboutdementia/defintion.html (29.10.2014) P, Trevithick (2012) â€Å"Social Work Skills and Knowledge: A Practice Handbook† Berkshire; open university press.

Biorhythms and Daily Life Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Biorhythms and Daily Life    Abstract: The knowledge of biorhythms, or the body's natural cycles, can be applied to numerous aspects of daily life. Biorhythms have medical, occupational, and recreational uses which allow for the maximization of healthy, productive life through understanding and application.    Biorhythms, as described by other members of this research team, are the natural cycles of the human body. Most important to this undertaking are circadian rhythms, those which repeat roughly every 24 hours. Obvious examples include sleep cycles and temperature fluctuations; more subtle types of circadian rhythms are hormone production and cell division patterns. The scientific community's growing understanding of these everyday phenomenon has resulted in newfound comprehension of many aspects of our lives, including medicine, work, and recreation.    The most striking advances enable by biorhythmic research have come in the area of medicine. Chronotherapuetics, or the synchronization of treatment with body rhythms, is perhaps the most rapidly growing field of medicine. Increasingly, pharmaceutical companies, research centers and individual doctors have begun to consider the body's flux when prescribing medical treatment. Many chronic ailments have direct connections to biorhythms, and by utilizing new treatments which acknowledge this potential tool, doctors anticipate that many sufferers formerly resigned to coping with perpetual hardship will be able to lead relatively normal lives. A prime example of chronotherapeutics involves arthritis treatment. Depending upon the type or arthritis (rheumatoid or osteoarthritis), medication can be timed to relieve the symptoms when they are the most severe:... ...Johnson's record breaking dash, Michelle Smith's aquatic brilliance, the dominance of the Chinese dive team, in addition to countless other impressive performances, all happened in the afternoon or evening, when the athletes' bodies were primed to perform. Even non-world class athletes benefit from this knowledge. Rather than subject yourself to an early morning run, a better decision would be to wait until evening, when your body is ready for the physical stress that accompanies exercise and exertion.    In conclusion, then, it has been demonstrated that understanding of biorhythms can be utilized in numerous ways, all of which improve daily life. Through precision treatment of medical ailments, compensation for occupational stress, and maximization of athletic potential, biorhythms are an integral part of our daily lives and effect us in much of what we do.

Rubenstein-Taybi Syndrome Research Paper

Rubinstein- Taybi Syndrome: A Physical and Educational Perspective Rubinstein- Taybi Syndrome: A Physical and Educational Perspective When speaking of terms of diseases of a rare nature, Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome is a definite mention. According to Joseph G. Morelli, MD, Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome is characterized as, â€Å"a genetic disease that involves broad thumbs and toes, short stature, distinctive facial features, and varying degrees of intellectual disability† (2007). The condition itself is so rare that is occurs only about 1 in 125, 000 newborn babies (Rubinstein, 2012).The cause of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome can be attributed to a defect in the CREBBP and EP300 genes. The CREBBP gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps control the activity of many other genes. This protein, called CREB, plays an important role in regulating cell growth and division and is essential for normal fetal development. If just one copy of the CREBBP gene is deleted or change d, cells make only half of the normal amount of CREB binding protein (Rubinstein, 2012). The EP300 gene, unlike the CREBBP gene, controls protein development before and after the birth.In many of the cases of Rubenstein-Taybi Syndrome, no mutation is detected in either the CREBBP or the EP300 gene. In these cases, the case is unknown, but it is suspected that another unknown gene is responsible. Diagnosis of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome can create a serious disadvantage for a student in the classroom, for which a teacher must be willing to accommodate. Immediately after birth, the symptoms of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome can be present. Some of the more recognizable symptoms at birth include broadening of the thumbs and big toes.Although these are a few of the symptoms, the symptoms appear on a large spectrum, ranging from constipation to an absent kidney. Over 80% of children with Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome have some type of eye abnormality including crossed eyes, cataracts, and tear duct obstruction. Glaucoma may be present at birth or in early life, which can result in blindness if left undetected (Rubinstein, 2012). Later throughout more developmental stages, parents may begin to notice short stature. Once the child begins schooling, the symptoms become slightly more obvious, demonstrating slow development of cognitive skills.Once a child begins to perform tasks such as drawing, coloring, and using scissors, teachers and parents will begin to notice slow development of motor skills accompanied by low muscle tone (Morelli, 2012). These symptoms are also a bit more noticeable because due to RTS, the thumbs and toes on an affected child will broaden beyond normal size, complicating everyday tasks. This will severely limit to what extent a child suffering from RTS will be able to perform in the classroom. Rubenstein-Taybi Syndrome is not inherited by the parents or caused by anything the parents did or did not do while pregnant.Most cases are caused by a single mutat ion in one gene. Rubenstein-Taybi Syndrome almost always occurs in cases where there is no family history of Rubenstein-Taybi Syndrome showing that family history and heredity is not a factor in contracting Rubenstein-Taybi syndrome. Most cases are sporadic and likely due to a new genetic defect that occurs while the baby grows in the womb, which was not passed on by either parent (Morelli, 2012). Consequently, parents with a child with a new mutation generally do not have an increased risk of having another child with the disorder.However, the new genetic mutation will be hereditary and an adult with this mutation risks passing on the mutated gene to his/her children. However, it is unusual for people with the syndrome to become parents. There is no specific treatment for RTS that has been discovered as of yet. Because the disease is genetic, it is impossible for doctors to pinpoint just one area of the body to treat, especially because the disease comes with so many other symptoms . This however, does not mean that modern medical science cannot ease the way of life for a person with RTS.Surgery to repair the bones in the thumbs or toes can sometimes improve grasp or relieve discomfort (Morelli, 2012). With all being said, it is incredible to imagine the difficulty that a student suffering with RTS may face in the classroom. A 1977 case study by Goots and Liemohn compared three children (aged seven to ten) with the syndrome to 15 counterparts with mixed mental retardation (Galera & Taupiac, 2009). In the study, it was found that children with RTS were friendly and more readily social. In addition, the students with RTS were more emotional and excitable.Nightmares were seen more frequently, and the students were more likely to pout. Demonstrating lack of focus in the classroom, the students affected by RTS had short attention spans. Important in development at these ages, the students with RTS faced more difficulties in planning motor acts (Galera & Taupiac, 20 09). Speech problems are present in a large percentage of students. Most individuals have speech delay, but others also have articulation problems. It is not unusual as well, to discover that some students with RTS use sign language as their primary form of communication.Unfortunately for students with RTS, they often times confused with autistic students. References Galera, C. , & Taupiac,, E. (2009). Socio-Behavioral Characteristics of Children with Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome [Abstract]. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 39(9), 1252-1260. doi: 10. 1007/s10803-009-0733-4 Morelli, J. G. (2007). Disorders of the Nails. In Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (18th ed. , p. Chap 662). Phildelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier. Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome. (2012, February 27). Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved March 6, 2012, from http://ghr. nlm. nih. gov/condition/rubinstein-taybi-syndrome

Democracy & America

In the world today and in America, democracy is the most valued and the vaguest political terms in the current political times and campaigns. The term democracy by definition is a governmental system in which the citizens retain and exercise the political sovereignty. This means that the citizens of a country have a direct say and would contribute in the administration of the country through one of their elected representative.The democracy in America is controlled by two major principles that has to be observed, these are; citizens have equal access to power and are guarded the same while the second one is that, the same power guards all members to enjoy the societal freedoms and liberties. Another very clear definition of democracy is that, it is a form of government which is constituted by the people of a country and in which the supreme power of that government is vested on the same people who constitute it.3 This government by the people lack any form of hereditary or class dist inction differentiation on class basis or privileges. True democracy is voted for by the majority and one that serves and works for the interest of the people, although in any country true democracy is not being experienced by the citizens, they have a voice during elections. This allows the citizens to elect whoever will represent their particular interest and standards. 4In the world there are three major types of democracy that are well known, namely direct democracy, representative democracy and liberal democracy; Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which the citizens have the right and the responsibility to attend meetings the national assembly and participate in the making of policies. In this case all the directly contribute and affect the decision making process. This system has representatives who drew the agendas for such assembly meetings.In this kind of democracy all the citizens have the right to vote and hold offices and it is the duty of all the citizens in a c ountry to actively participate in the decision making process which is determined by the majority. 5 Representative democracy is the kind of democracy that is used in the American Democracy. This form of democracy is characterized by the fact that the citizens elect their representatives who make the decisions on their behalf. Representative democracy is practiced both at the state level, local levels and eve n at the institutions levels. 6The third form of democracy is liberal democracy which is a form of representative democracy in which the elected representatives that hold offices and have the power of decision making on behalf of the public are moderated by the rule of law (constitution). The rule of law in all circumstances emphasizes the protection of the individual rights and the rights of the minority groups in the society. The most basic rights to be protected by the rule of law are like the rights of assembly and speech, the rights to owe and use private property, the rig hts and freedom to religion and the right to be equal before the rule of law.This democracy is as well characterized by elections; it is also characterized multi party systems and also an independent judiciary. These forms of democracy are being practiced in different countries and they all have their advantages and disadvantages. 7 A society that experiences any kind of democracy among the ones discussed above must meet some of the minimum characteristics. Those characteristics have to be met for a society to be referred to as democratic.The main characteristic of a democratic society is to educate the whole society to understand what democracy is and to know their obligations, contributions and requirements as citizens in a democratic society. 8 After the education of the public about their democracy they should also experience that they have the power to choose and replace the government through free and fair elections, the citizens should be actively be involved in the politics and the civil life, the democratic government should have the ability to protect the human rights and in that society the rule of law (i.e. the laws and the procedures) to apply equally to al citizens. All these are the minimum qualifications for a democratic society. 9 A democratic society first is characterized by a political System by which there is competition for power. Democratic societies have the mandate of to choose their leaders and to ensure that they are held accountable for their policies and conduct in office. In this due process of election the people decide who will represent them in parliament and who will head the government at the national and local levels.This is done in a fee and fair elections. In this society the government is based on the decision of the citizens because they are sovereign. In this society the elected representatives at the national and the local levels are always consulting their electorate and work according to their needs and representativ es. The principle of the public suggestion has to be observed since the public have the right and obligation to monitor their representatives business in the government and are free to criticize them.10 This requirement for a democratic society demands that free and fair elections be held after a regular interval as prescribed by law, this elections are not to be influenced by the people in power who do not have any right to extend their time in office without asking the consent of the people. In all democratic elections al the candidates also have the right to campaign freely and to present their ideologies to the voters.The whole process must be monitored by independent electoral observers and a committee that is to resolve any electoral disputes. 11 The second requirement to be met by a democratic society is that the citizens have a bigger responsibility to participate in public life. The society have the mandate and the obligations to be informed about public issues, they have t he obligation to watch carefully how their political representatives use the powers vested on them and to give their opinions and criticism on the same.This can only be achieved if the civil societies who represent a variety of interest and beliefs educate the public and especially women their democratic rights and responsibilities, improve their political skills, represent their common interests, and involve them in political life. In this system there is no one that should be forced to support any political party and the citizens should always be free to support any political party. 12The third requirement for a democratic society is that every citizen in the society has some basic right that is guaranteed under the international law and the state cannot take away from them. The citizens have the rights to have their own beliefs and to communicate freely. They too have the freedom of religion; this states that everyone is free to chose their own religion and to practice their reli gious norms as they deem fit for them. The citizens in such societies have the right to associate with other people and to be incorporate and to be incorporated in the organizations of their own choice.With all these freedoms and others, the state puts it upon the citizens to exercise these rights peacefully, with respect for the law and for the rights of others. 13 The fourth and last basic requirement for democracy in a society is that it be recognized as the rule of law. This rule of law protects the rights citizens, help in the maintenance of orders and helps to limit the power of government. In such a society all the citizens are treated equally under the rule of law and are not being discriminated based on their gender, race, religion or even the ethnic group.In this society the citizens are being protected by law and should never be arrested arbitrarily, they have the right to know their charges and anybody charged with a crime has the right to a fair, open and speedy public trial by an impartial public court. 14 In a democratic society no one is above the law and the law treats people equally. Although these are the requirements of any democratic society, all the societies in the world do not prove to obey them and to defend them. Therefore democracy is only a political term which is not put into practice.Work cited http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-liberal-democracy. htm Retrieved on 19th July 2008 Janda Kenneth and Et al (2004) The Challenge of Democracy: Government in America Houghton Mifflin Blaich Theodore Paul and Baumgartner Joseph Cornelius (1953) the Challenge of Democracy. Published by McGraw-Hill http://www. hewett. norfolk. sch. uk/CURRIC/POLIT/DEMOC. htm Retrieved on The 19th JULY 2008 http://college. hmco. com/polisci/janda/chall_dem/9e/student_home. html Retrieved on The July 19, 2008

Objects in English Grammar

Objects in English Grammar In English grammar, an object is a  noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun that is affected by the action of a verb. Objects give our language detail and texture by allowing the creation of complex sentences.  Prepositions also have objects. Types of Objects Objects can function three ways within a sentence. The first two are  easy to spot because they follow the verb: Direct objects  are the results of action. A subject does something, and the product is the object itself. For example, consider this sentence: Marie wrote a poem. In this case, the  noun poem follows the transitive verb wrote and completes the meaning of the sentence.Indirect objects  receive or respond to the outcome of an action. Consider this example: Marie sent me an email. The pronoun me  comes after the verb sent and before the noun email, which is the direct object in this sentence. The indirect object always goes before the direct object.Objects of a preposition  are nouns and pronouns in a phrase that modifies the meaning of a verb. For instance:  Marie lives in a dorm. In this sentence, the noun dorm follows the preposition in. Together, they form a prepositional phrase. Objects can function in active and passive voice. A noun that serves as a direct object in the active voice becomes the subject when the sentence is rewritten in the passive  voice. For example: Active: Bob purchased a new grill.Passive: A new grill was purchased by Bob. This characteristic, called passivization, is what makes objects unique. Not sure if a word is an object? Try converting it from active to passive voice; if you can, the word is an object. Direct Objects Direct objects identify what or who receives the action of a transitive verb in a clause or sentence.  When pronouns function as direct objects, they customarily take the form of the objective case (me, us, him, her, them, whom, and whomever). Consider the following sentences, taken from Charlottes Web, by E.B. White: She closed the  carton  carefully. First she kissed her  father, then she kissed her  mother. Then she opened the  lid  again, lifted the  pig  out, and held  it  against her  cheek. Theres only one subject in this passage, yet there are six direct objects (carton, father, mother, lid, pig, it), five nouns and a pronoun. Gerunds (verbs ending in ing that act as nouns) sometimes also serve as direct objects. For example: Jim enjoys gardening on the weekends.   My mother included reading and baking in her list of hobbies. Indirect Objects Nouns and pronouns also function as indirect objects. These objects are the beneficiaries or recipients of the action in a sentence. Indirect objects answer the questions to/for whom and to/for what.  For example: My aunt opened her purse and gave the man a quarter. It was his birthday so Mom had  baked Bob  a  chocolate cake. In the first example, the man is given a coin. The quarter is a direct object and it benefits the man, an indirect object. In the second example, the cake is the direct object and it benefits Bob, the indirect object. Prepositions and Verbs Objects that pair with prepositions function differently from direct and indirect objects, which follow verbs. These nouns and verbs reference a preposition and modify the action of the larger sentence. For example: Girls are playing basketball around a utility  pole  with a metal hoop bolted to  it. He sat in the basement of the building, among the boxes, reading a book on his break.   In the first example, the prepositional objects are pole and hoop. in the second example, the prepositional objects are basement, building, boxes, and break. Like direct objects, prepositional  objects receive the action of the subject in the sentences yet need a preposition for the sentence to make sense. Spotting prepositions is important because if you use the wrong one, it can confuse readers. Consider how odd the second sentence would sound if it began, He sat on the basement...   Transitive verbs also require an object for them to make sense. There are three kinds of transitive verbs. Monotransitive verbs have a direct object, whereas ditransitive verbs have a direct object and an indirect object. Complex-transitive verbs have a direct object and an object attribute. For example: Monotransitive: Bob bought a car. (The direct object is car.)Ditransitive: Bob gave me the keys to his new car. (The indirect object is me; the direct object is keys.)Complex-transitive: I heard  him shouting. (The direct object is him; the object attribute is shouting.) Intransitive verbs, on the other hand, do not need an object in order to complete their meaning. Sources Woods, Geraldine. Using Pronouns as Direct and Indirect Objects. Dummies.com. Staff editors. Pronoun Case. Cliffsnotes.com. Staff editors. Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns. University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Harp Seal Facts (Pagophilus groenlandicus)

Harp Seal Facts (Pagophilus groenlandicus) The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as the saddleback seal, is a true seal best known for its adorable furry white pups. It gets its common name from the markings resembling a wishbone, harp, or saddle that develop on its back in adulthood. The seals scientific name means ice-lover from Greenland. Fast Facts: Harp Seal Scientific Name: Pagophilus  groenlandicusCommon Name: Saddleback sealBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 5.9-6.2 feetWeight: 260-298 poundsLife Span: 30 yearsDiet: CarnivorousHabitat: North Atlantic and Greenland SeaPopulation: 4,500,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description All seal pups are born with a yellow coat, which whitens until its first molt. Juveniles and most females have a silver-to-gray coat with black spots. Adult males and some females develop a darker head and a dorsal harp or saddle marking. Females weigh around 260 lb and are up to 5.9 ft in length. Males are larger, weighing an average of 298 lb and reaching a length of 6.2 ft. The male harp seal has a harp pattern on its back. Jurgen Christine Sohns / Getty Images Blubber insulates the seals body, while flippers act as heat exchangers to warm or cool the seal. Harp seals have large eyes, each with a tapetum lucidum to aid vision in dim light. Females identify pups by scent, but seals close their nostrils underwater. Seal whiskers, or vibrissae, are highly sensitive to vibration. They give the animal a sense of touch on land and the ability to detect movement underwater. Habitat and Distribution Harp seals live in the North Atlantic and Greenland Sea. There are three breeding populations, located in the Northwest Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, and the Greenland Sea. The groups are not known to interbreed. Harp seal distribution. Jonathan Hornung Diet Like other pinnipeds, harp seals are carnivores. Their diet includes several species of fish, krill, and other invertebrates. The seals display food preferences that appear to be most heavily influenced by prey abundance. Predators and Hunting Juvenile seals are eaten by most terrestrial predators, including foxes, wolves, and polar bears. Adult seals are preyed on by large sharks and killer whales. However, humans are the primary harp seals predators. Historically, these seals were hunted for their meat, omega-3 fatty acid-rich oil, and fur. Today, seal hunting mainly occurs in Canada, Greenland, Norway, and Russia. The practice is controversial, as the demand for seal products appears to be decreasing and the killing method (clubbing) is graphic. In Canada, commercial hunting is restricted to November 15 to May 15, with kill quotas in place. Despite restrictions, the harp seal retains commercial importance. Hundreds of thousands of seals are hunted each year. Reproduction and Offspring Each year between February and April, adult harp seals return to breeding grounds in the White Sea, Newfoundland, and the Greenland Sea. The males establish dominance by fighting each other using teeth and flippers. They court females using flipper movements, vocalizations, blowing bubbles, and performing underwater displays. Mating occurs underwater. After a gestation period of about 11.5 months, the mother usually gives birth to a single pup, although twins sometimes occur. Birth takes place on sea ice and is extremely fast, taking as little as 15 seconds. The mother does not hunt while nursing and loses up to 3 kg of mass per day. At birth, the pups coat is stained yellow from amniotic fluid, but it quickly turns pure white. The mother stops nursing and abandons the pup when its time to mate. Birth, weaning, and mating all occur during the same breeding season. Initially, the abandoned pup is immobile. Once it sheds its white coat, it learns to swim and hunt. Seals gather annually on the ice to molt their coat, which involves shedding both fur and blubber. Juveniles molt several times before achieving an adult pelt. Harp seals can live over 30 years. Conservation Status Harp seal are listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List, and their numbers are increasing. As of 2008, there were at least 4.5 million adult harp seals. This population growth can be explained by the decrease in seal hunting. However, the seal population is still threatened by several factors which could severely impact the species in the near future. Oil spills and water pollution subject the species to heavy chemical contamination and decrease its food supply. Seals get tangled in fishing gear, which leads to drowning. Harp seals are susceptible to distemper, prion infections, and other diseases, which may impact mortality rates. The most significant threat is climate change. Climate change causes a reduction in sea ice, forcing seals to move to new areas. Whether the seals can adapt to such change is unknown. Sources Folkow, L.P. and E.S. Nordà ¸y. Distribution and diving behaviour of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) from the Greenland Sea stock.  Polar Biology.  27: 281–298, 2004.Kovacs, K.M. Pagophilus groenlandicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  2015: e.T41671A45231087 doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41671A45231087.enLavigne, David M. in Perrin, William F.; Wursig, Bernd; Thewissen, J.G.M., eds. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (2nd ed.). 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington Ma. 01803: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9, 2009.Ronald, K. and J. L. Dougan. The Ice Lover: Biology of the Harp Seal (Phoca groenlandica).  Science.  215  (4535): 928–933, 1982.

Not by popular demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Not by popular demand - Essay Example The agenda of the government highlight deficit cutting as a booster for employment is also criticized by the author. The statistics on people’s opinion on this clearly suggested that they even believed that deficit cutting would have negative impacts on job generation. The history of US politics shows that people have always reacted by voting down the parties which couldn’t bring in economic development. Looking into the issue in these terms, the stand of the republicans to go by the deficit cutting policy does fit into the bracket political manipulation of people’s opinion by using the media. The democrats are observed by the author as acting based on the common sense notion that ‘debt is bad;’ and are not concerned of the economic facts prevailing in the country. They are trying to create sentiments over the amount of debt that the country is in and is trying to push the deficit cutting agenda. Taking into account the history of the response of the voters on governments not oriented on economic development, the author warns the democrats to be careful on the cutting budget deficits agenda. More than the net result being bad for the democrats, the author fears that it may prove bad for the country.

Role Of A Lawyer In Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role Of A Lawyer In Business - Essay Example Provision of ideas to the client- The lawyer may provide the necessary ideas and the advice to the client. However, the nature and the type of advice may differ depending upon the type of the client. In certain areas, the client may be extremely knowledgeable exhibiting complete mastery over the particular issue. In those cases, the advice may be limited to certain trivial and core operational areas. On the other hand, there are certain businesses where the lawyer assumes a much larger role when compared to the current role. As for example, in the areas where the business is dependent on the IPR (Intellectual Property Rights), the legality of the case become increasingly important. Thus, in cases like this, the lawyer basically plays the role of a business advisor. Other areas that can be included in the following gamut are the businesses that run out of multiple countries or sell products in multiple countries. Implementation of the determined business objectives- The successful operation of any business is dependent on the achievement of the stipulated business objectives. The attainment of those business objectives is a function of proper business decisions in the relevant areas. The lawyer has to get a fair idea about the long term goals, the mission, the vision and the objectives of the business. This may help in the determination of proper steps towards the outcome. The financial implication can also be better understood if the lawyer devises the proper strategy and the roadmap for the same. This will help the businesses to determine what is important, what is relevant and what could be used to achieve those objectives. The lawyer should help in demarcating the business issues from the legal issue so that the necessary steps could be taken without any problem. The lawyer could also look into the possible alternatives for running any business. Thereby, all the stop gap arrangements coul d be done to ensure that the business keeps on running. Protection of the interests of the client- The first and the foremost responsibility of all the lawyers is to protect the interest of the clients. The interests of the clients are varied and different. Therefore, the necessary areas of the contention are also different. The lawyer must always ensure that the proper directions are given to the client. Limitation of risk to the client- One of the most important activities of the lawyer is to ensure that the risk to the business is mitigated at all costs. All the measures should be taken by the lawyer to see that at any point of time, the business does not suffer any kind of loss. The lawyer and the business head must be able to develop a consensus on the business needs. This includes two steps, looking at the ability to diminish the effects of the quantitative risk and the effects of the risk on the business. Therefore, this complete procedure ensures that the clients and the ind ividuals are on the same page in terms of the proliferation of business.

Management of Production and Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management of Production and Operations - Essay Example The idea of having a supply chain within management became of immense importance in the beginning of the 20th century, when assembly lines were created. However it was not until the 1980s that the phrase SCM was by a consultant in the U.S. industry coined. The characteristics of the creation era of SCM include the need for re-engineering, large-scale changes, downsizing and extensive attention accorded to the practice of management by the Japanese (Lavassani et al., 2008b). The Integration era of SCM studies was brought around by Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems developments which occurred from the 1960s-1990s due to the launching of the Enterprise Resource Planning systems (Lavassani et al., 2008b). Given the advancement in collaborative systems that is internet based, the Integration era has continued to develop. It is characterized not only by cost reduction using integration but by the increase in value addition as well. Globalization era is the third movement of SCM development. The attention accorded to global systems dealing with supplier relationships and the getting bigger of organizations’ supply chains across national boundaries into other continents is what characterizes this era. The supply chain of organizations, especially those organizations in the oil industry, started using global sources several decades ago. However it was not until the late 1980s that global sources were integrated into the core businesses of considerable numbers of organizations according to Lavassani et al. (2008b). The globalization of SCM in organizations with the aim of boosting their value addition, competitive advantage and cost reduction through global sourcing is what characterizes the globalization era. Phase one of the specialization era revolves around Outsourced Manufacturing and Distribution (OMD). Adoption of a specialization era and renewed focus on core

How Did Napoleon Create And Maintain Power History Essay

How Did Napoleon Create And Maintain Power History Essay In George Orwells famous novel Animal Farm, Napoleon used many tools of propaganda to gain power and control over the farm. The sheep perhaps were his most important tools throughout the novel. They were, without doubt, a deciding factor in Napoleons rise to power. From the very start Napoleon had been an obvious leader among the pigs because he was well known for getting things his own way. By contributing to the various debates that took place in animal farm, he often received lots of attention from the animals. He also gained support from some animals that were too shy to express themselves; he connected with them and persuaded them to share his views. Hence, he became a representative of these animals. Napoleon also used propaganda in various situations to gain power. The sheep were the most susceptible to these methods and were a great help to his campaign. Snowball, the other pig who shared the position of leadership with him did not agree with him on many occasions. However, naturally he was a good speaker and could easily reach the animals minds and gain support with his speeches alone. So, Napoleon trained the liable sheep to start chanting their favourite slogan four legs good, two legs bad at crucial parts of Snowballs speeches to drown him out, which made it incredibly difficult for him to express his point of view to them. Because of this, Snowball could not gain much support which was exactly what Napoleon wanted. All Napoleon had to do was to put down Snowballs ideas to gain support as the animals could not be convinced by Snowball if they could not listen to him. Napoleon gained total control over animal farm through exiling Snowball. Regardless of Napoleons efforts, Snowball managed to get most of the animals support on the matter of the windmill. Napoleon knew Snowball was a great threat to his position. If Napoleon did not act soon, Snowball would soon become the undisputable leader of Animal Farm. So he got rid of this threat. Using the dogs he had secretly trained, he banished Snowball from the farm. Without Snowball around, Napoleon became the undisputed leader himself. He then banned the debates and told the animals they would follow orders instead. He did this so the animals would be powerless in any decisions made on the farm. Napoleon would be running the farm without anyone there to disagree with any decisions he made. He later sent Squealer to justify his actions. Squealer twists the truth with lies to confuse the animals to think Napoleon was right in exiling Snowball. Some phrases he uses are; Do not imagine leadership is a pleasure and it is a deep and heavy responsibility [1]. These make Napoleon seem sacrificial, which will help gain the animals sympathy. He also uses the animals fear of Jones coming back to persuade them that Napoleon is right. He creates power using many methods. Making the animals March past Old Majors skull is reinforcing his leadership and also allies himself with the loved pig. It makes the animals respect the new leader as much as the old leader. In Napoleons speeches he uses the word sacrifice and own contribution to make the animals think that what they are doing is for a greater cause which convinces them to sacrifice for the greater good. Napoleon uses Squealer to explain anything and everything to avoid making mistakes himself. Squealer uses complicated vocabulary which the simple-minded animals do not understand. When the animals protest, squealer quickly persuades them with help from the threat of violence from the dogs; it makes the animals stop with their complaints. The sheep are then used to ease the mood by bleating their slogan. It is then not possible for the animals to protest again. Throughout the novel, it becomes routine for the dogs to be seen in public with Napoleon to reinforce hi s power through violence. Napoleon also makes the animals work so hard that they are so tired and they forget how they are being turned into slaves by their leader Napoleon. They also have no time to consider rebelling against him. He does this by making the animals build the snowballs windmill that he considered useless when snowball thought of it. To explain this, he tells the animals that it was originally his idea. Napoleon exploits the animals weaknesses. When he changes the seven commandments to justify his actions, the animals are doubtful because they remember that the seven commandments were different. However Squealer tells them that they are wrong and it is just a figment of their imagination. The animals think that if napoleon says so then he must be right and so they let him get away with it. Napoleon is an opportunist. When he realises that he can turn a situation, whether good or bad, to his advantage, he does without a second thought about whom or what might have to be removed in order for him to succeed. For example, when the windmill collapses, he tells that Snowball destroyed it and turns the animals against him. From that point onwards he makes Snowball a scapegoat. Whenever something goes wrong, it is because of Snowball. This makes the animals feel that they are lucky to have Napoleon as a leader. It is also an easy way out as it keeps the animals from finding out who is really to blame. This reinforces Napoleons leadership position as he will not be blamed for anything that goes wrong and creates the vision that Napoleons is a perfect leader. With his decision regarding the timber, he uses Snowball to back him up. Since the animals are against him, the farm he is not selling to will have Snowball hiding there. This makes the animals support his decision. He maintains power through various means. By rarely appearing in public he makes it seem that he has more important matters than the animals and that they should be lucky when he does appear. Through the various killings, he eliminates anyone who is a likely threat to his leadership such as the four porkers. The others who are killed had always angered him in some way or form, such as the hens who decided to rebel; they were killed as a warning not to disobey him. At the same time, he further destroys Snowballs reputation by making the animals confess that he was planning to kill napoleon. By using statistics, another form of lies, he convinces the naÃÆ'Â ¯ve animals that the farm has grown and flourished under his rule, again making him appear an admirable leader. There are other methods he uses to maintain power. He is given tittles like Protector of the sheepfold to make the animals see his acts of sacrifice and his birthday is celebrated which makes him appear like a god, as the animals must celebrate the day he was born to thank god for his birth. He even has a poem about his greatness inscribed on the wall with a portrait of him next to it just opposite the seven commandments. This makes him appear as powerful as the very principles of animalism. He is guarded by dogs and has a food taster so that he cannot be poisoned. He spreads rumours about the terrible state that the animals on other farms are kept to make the animals feel privileged to be in animal farm. He shows his brilliance by letting the animals see the banknotes he traded for the timber. This shows the animals that there are many luxuries to be gained under napoleons rule. He makes everything seem like a victory to cover up his mistakes and to keep the animals from blaming him. An example would be the blowing up of the windmill. It makes the animals feel that although there was a slight loss they still won. This can be seen when he uses the phrase readjustments instead of reductions [1] to make reducing of food seem not too bad. There are more celebrations to cover up the animals hunger and needs. Animal farm is also proclaimed as a republic, with Napoleon as its president to make it appear as if he is just watching over the animals and not controlling them. He allows Moses to remain when he returns as he spreads false hope which makes the animals continue labouring, hoping that if life is bad now, maybe one day, Moses stories might come true and life will be better. When Boxer, the highly respected horse and role model among the animals is taken away to be slaughtered, the animals are told that he received the best medical care available but was unable to be kept alive. Boxers death is then manipulated to Napoleons advantage. Napoleon tells the animals that Boxers last words were Napoleon is always right. Since this was one of Boxers favourite mottos, it is a likely lie. The animals then make this their own motto to respect their beloved Boxer. This works out incredibly well for Napoleon. Napoleon was a treacherous character and very much an opportunist of the worst kind. He used brilliance, cunning, treachery, propaganda and many other tools to gain, create and maintain power. Animal farm remained under his tyranny throughout the entire novel.

Coronary Artery Disease with a Primary Comorbidity of Type II Diabetes

Rob Geis is a 65-year-old Hispanic male from Cleveland, Ohio. He and his wife were visiting friends in Jacksonville as part of a multi-stop Florida vacation. Rob was brought to the emergency department of St. Vincent Medical Center’s Southside location on the evening of January 27, 2014, by ambulance after he experienced a total loss of consciousness while dining at a restaurant with his wife and a group of friends. Rob has no recollection of the event. His wife reported he stumbled as he was returning from the restroom, but did not fall and was able to make it into his chair at the table. She noticed he did not look well and he was pale. Once he was seated â€Å"his head kept dropping and then he lost consciousness for a few seconds.† His wife said he appeared very gray and sweaty. The emergency responders reported Rob had a low respiratory rate during assessment at the scene. Rob Geis reported he has never before had an episode of syncope. He denied having any heart palpitations, chest pains, or shortness of breath prior to losing consciousness. Prior to the episode he experienced no diaphoresis, fever, chills, dizziness, headache, or neck pain or stiffness. He also had no nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, hematuria, dysuria, focal weakness, or sensory changes. Also, there were no witnessed indications of seizure activity. Prior to the episode Rob Geis had an active day playing golf with friends and had consumed several alcoholic beverages, but these are not unusual activities for him. Rob reported he had experienced upper back pain, which is uncommon for him, while playing golf. His upper back pain had dissipated prior to the episode of syncope. Rob also reported that approximately ... ...& K.L. McCance (Eds.), Understanding pathophysiology (5th ed., pp. 447-476). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Little, T.K. (2013). Assessment of the Cardiovascular System. In D.A. Ignatavicius & M.L. Workman (Eds.), Medical-surgical nursing: Patient centered collaborative care (7th ed., pp. 686-710). St. Louis, MO: Saunders O’Donovan, K. (2012). Management of diabetes and acute coronary syndromes. British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, 7(8), 370-375. Roger, V.L., Go, A.S., Lloyd-Jones, D.M., Benjamin, E.J., Berry, J.D., Borden, W.B., †¦ Turner, M.B. (2012). Heart disease and stroke statistics—2012 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Retrieved from: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/125/1/ e2.full.pdf+html Tierney, P., Hughes, C., & Hamilton, S. (2011). Promoting health behaviour change in the cardiac patient. British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, 6(3), 126-130.

Educational Changes in the Schools Essay

The educational system is viewed to be an important aspect for the progress of each individual and the society as a whole. Through the involvement with the educational system, each individual personal skills and potential are harnessed and further developed to be used as his or her medium for attaining greater things in life in certain fields such as exploration, discovery, development and others. The progress reflected from the historical basis of the society shows that the civilization has greatly developed transcending the numerous boundaries that their primitive self has and this is mainly attributed to the constant pursuit of knowledge by the people through their educational system. However, in the present, the educational system of the society is faced with numerous problems and challenges, which often negates their benefits and effectiveness it has on the concern of personal and social development. People often argue that these problems are the result of the lack of change in the educational system over the last decade. Indeed, on some aspect, this argument is true as some of the concern and fields in the educational system remains constant over the years thus, unable to cope with the changes in the social condition resulting to certain problems and complications. The social condition over the years is rapidly changing such as problems of poverty, overpopulation, government and military issues and others, and these primarily affect the involvement and the practical application of the educational field in the society. The inability of the educational system to cope with and address the dominant social problems resulting to its ineffectiveness to promote development within an individual and the society he or she is involved in. However, the educational system over the years has also changed addressing and incorporating most of the critical social problems and condition in its concern resulting to the progress that is has already founded over the century. Comparing the face of the educational system in the past with the present will present important insights regarding the development that the said field has already taken to promote further its effectiveness and influence. The educational systems has developed new aspects in its field such as scholarship and financial assistance for poverty issues, new facilities and modernized equipments to cope with the rapid influx of its student population, modernized subjects and courses to address the new trends and needs, and others. If one will consider the problems in the educational system, these are rooted in the perspective and opinion of the people towards the influence of the said field and not in the system of the schools in the present. Education sometimes becomes ineffective not due to its inefficiency but because people negate and disregard its importance. Generally, the field of education is constantly changing and developing further for the promotion and expansion of its benefits and positive influence. Over the century, the educational system has grown and progressed aiding the society to develop into its modernized present self.

“Krista” by Pablo Baen Santos Critique Essay

Pablo Baen Santos created the artwork, Krista. It was created in the movement of Social Realism. This artwork is oil on canvas painting which shows a female whose mouth is wrapped with a barbed wire and clenching her fists. At the back of the female subject, the Philippine flag and a lot of people are present. The female and the people can be observed to be clearly in agony and pain. It was like torturing the female and the people were likely to be dead by observation. The colors used were simple, not too pale, and not too bright and associated with a shade of color black. The lines are mostly curvy and some have edges; a lot of irregular shapes were used to form the image of the humans and the flag. The lighting saturation was just enough to visualize the painting. The different elements used in this painting are color, line, shape, form and texture. The color used for the subject is mainly brown, a warm neutral color, extensively found in living things. It creates the wholesomeness and dullness of the painting. In addition, there are also shades of primary colors and white at the back of the female. The choice of color is good; it has shown a good picture of the painting by its color. Due to the blending of black color in all parts, the painting appears natural and firm. The diagonal lines are used to create a sense of feeling, specifically agony, and movement. The combination of lines makes up the irregular shapes of humans and the flag. A feeling of right texture is attained as the artist conveys the resemblance of humans in pain. The Philippine flag is a symbol where the case is evident, in the Philippines. The group of people who are most likely Filipinos shows rebellion and oppression. And the female subject is likely to be the situation of the Philippines. The artist is trying to renounce the happening in the Philippines through art. As I saw this art piece, I was struck in the heart of how real and actual its message is. I was a blind not to see and care of the hardships my mother land has undergone. It was amazing that the artist used his hands not to fight but to draw what he wanted to express for a long time. It was a portrait of the truth. Krista made by Pablo Baen Santos on 1984, depicts inang bayan (Philippine motherland) with a crown of barbed wire around her mouth like a gag. The work simultaneously embraces the themes of nationalism, censorship and the strong influence of the  Catholic tradition in the Philippines. The Philippine flag and a sea of protesting bodies forge the backdrop as the female Christ holds her clenched fist in defiance. One year shy of the silver anniversary of the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution, not much has changed in Philippine politics. In many ways, it is even worse than during Marcos’ time. Corruption is rampant and has filtered down to all levels of government, public education is a joke, poverty levels have not improved, environmental degradation is uncontrolled, and journalists still fear for their lives. Even if we manage to elect an ethical president, there will not be much to celebrate during the revolution’s silver anniversary. It will take much, much longer than a year to apply breaks to the downward spiral that our country has gotten itself into since that historic moment.

The eNotes Blog The Fate of the Folios A Tale of Intrigue at theFolger

The Fate of the Folios A Tale of Intrigue at theFolger Henry Clay Folger was a man with a mission. His goal was to obtain every possible copy of William Shakespeares venerated First Folio in existence.   Folger   began his obsessive quest in 1893 and over the next 35 years, he acquired 82 of the manuscripts. The most recent sale of a Folio in 2001 went for $6 million dollars, so the Folger Collection is one not only of great literary worth, but of considerable monetary value as well. With so few surviving Folios, perhaps it is not surprising that the manuscripts have been subjected to theft and intrigue. That compelling history is the subject of the Folgers newest exhibit, Fame Fortune Theft: The Shakespeare First Folio. The exhibit will include 10 of the manuscripts, and you may view one of them online here. The Folios are a big deal for several reasons. First, without the work of two of Shakespeares fellow actors, John Heminge and Henry Condell, there would be no extant copies of some of the most beloved of Shakespearean works, including Macbeth, Julius Caesar, As You Like It, The Winters Tale, and Twelfth Night. Heminge and Condell were exasperated by the false copies being circulated, cheap quatros that frequently did not even include the authors name, and told the public that they had been abus’d with diverse stolne, and surreptitious copies, maimed, and deformed by the frauds and stealthes of injurious impostors.† They promised authentic manuscripts and collected them into an impressive 900 page volume. Another reason why the Folios are important is that they reveal the fact that William Shakespeare was a man of great stature at the time of his death. The Folios measure 8 1/2 x 13 3/8 inches, a size typically reserved for lectern Bibles and great works of literature. The forward is written by the esteemed playwright Ben Jonson: Thou art a Monument, without a tombe,/And art alive still, while thy booke doth live. The engraved portrait by Martin Droeshout is the reason we know what Shakespeare looked like. The Folger exhibition is not meant to delve into the literary merits of the works, however, but to uncover their past: how they changed hands, whether by legitimate sale or by theft, how copies became damaged, what prices they have fetched over the course of 400 years, and how they came to reside in the Folger and elsewhere. Some of the stories seem fit for a modern spy novel. For example, in 1940, a man working for a crime syndicate, posed as an English professor and gained access to a Folio housed at Williams College. On his first visit, he measured the Folio precisely. On his next visit, he brought a cut copy of Reynard the Fox in a slip-on binding. He exchanged Reynard for the Folio, and walked out. The FBI finally caught up with the man and retrieved the manuscript. How some of the copies became damaged is interesting as well. In one instance, the noted 19th-century American actor Edwin Forrest purchased one of the Folios and had a glass case built to house it. He bequeathed the manuscript to the Home for Decayed Actors in Philadelphia. A massive fire a few years later destroyed most of the pages, but a few of the survivors are now on display at the University of Philadelphia, and are still in Forrests specially-made glass case. The pages are considered too delicate to travel, so the Folger has re-created them for the exhibit. Finally, it is interesting to see how the value of the Folios has increased exponentially from 1800 to 195 purchases of the First Folio doubled every 50 years. Additionally, it is not just England and the United States who own precious copies; so too do New Zealand, Australia, Africa, and Japan. â€Å"Fame, Fortune Theft: The Shakespeare First Folio† runs through Sept. 3 at the Folger Shakespeare Library, 201 East Capitol Street S.E., Washington; (202) 544-7077, folger.edu.

Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism

Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism Introduction Sustainability has become a buzzword in contemporary tourism research and practice. Thousands of businesses claim themselves to be sustainable, because they provide their services without damaging the environment. More often than not, sustainability is understood in the context of environmental protection and community development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sustainable tourism is expected to be able to balance its profitability concerns with the needs of communities. Apparently, the tools and resources used to promote sustainable tourism differ considerably across communities and settings. This paper is a review of the current theoretical and empirical literature related to the topic of sustainable tourism. The main themes to be discussed in this review include: definition of sustainability and its theore tical underpinnings, the problems of measuring sustainability and tourism, as well as the case studies of sustainable tourism presented in literature. Tourism and Sustainability: Defining the Concept Sustainability is a common topic in contemporary literature. However, its meaning is often taken for granted. Few, if any, researchers discussed the concept of sustainability in detail. Of all articles retrieved in this literature search, only Lansing and De Vries (2007) decided to review the meaning of the sustainability concept, as applied in tourism. According to Lansing and De Vries (2007), the concept of sustainability in tourism has numerous categorisations and definitions, and this is also why the debate over sustainable tourism remains so fragmented and confusing. Saarinen (2006) supports this view and suggests that the concept of sustainable tourism continues to interest and irritate researchers. Lansing and De Vries (2007) take the definition of the World Tourism Organisation (WTO) as the starting point for their analysis. This is also the definition, which is to be used in this review of literature: sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, and a suitable balance must be established between these three dimensions to guarantee its long-term sustainability (Lansing De Vries 2007, p.78). In other words, sustainability in tourism emphasises the importance of ethics. Sustainable tourism enables communities and host countries to retain the benefits of tourism (Lansing De Vries 2007). Sustainable tourism is impossible without showing respect for the major socio-cultural aspects of community development and growth. All these are the fundamental requirements of sustainability in tourism.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sustainability in Tourism: Theories and Implications It should be noted, that sustainability remains a popular topic of research and policy development. Saarinen (2006) writes that sustainability in tourism can be readily associated with almost all scales and kinds of tourist activities. Many sustainability features have been borrowed from the earlier studies and are nothing new. Still, several essential themes in the study of sustainable tourism can be identified. Saarinen (2006) speaks about three distinct traditions of sustainability in research: activity-based, resource-based, and community-based. The resource-based tradition was developed in response to the growing shortages of various community resources. Researchers in tourism were trying to find a magic number which, once overstepped, would inevitably result in irreversibly negative impacts on the community and environment (Saarinen 2006). This tradition was closely associated with natural sciences and the positivist philosophy. The activity-based tradition was intended to clo se the gaps in the resource-based view of sustainability (Saarinen 2006). This tradition in sustainability research was industry-oriented and tourism-centric (Saarinen 2006). Finally, the community-based tradition came to resolve the existing dualities between the resource-based and activity-based research traditions (Saarinen 2006). At present, it is through the prism of community development that most approaches to sustainable tourism are reconsidered and evaluated. In the meantime, researchers are developing new theoretical approaches to sustainability and reconsider the concept of sustainable tourism through various theoretical lenses. Mowforth and Munt (2003) discussed the principles and tools of sustainability in tourism. According to Mowforth and Munt (2003), none of the existing sustainability definitions is entirely satisfactory; therefore, the degree of sustainability in various tourist activities should be judged, based on whether or not they meet a number of criteria. Th ese criteria include but are not limited to: environmental benefits, social, cultural, and economic benefits, educational implications, and local participation (Mowforth Munt 2003). The researchers discuss each type of sustainability in detail, but the most interesting is their evaluation of educational sustainability in tourism. Mowforth and Munt (2003) suggest that sustainable tourism must provide an educational input, by informing community members about the benefits of tourism or teaching them to do sustainable tourism right.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Sustainability and Its Underpinnings in Tourism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As mentioned earlier, the activity- and community-based paradigms in sustainable tourism research came to reflect the dynamics and changeability of sustainable practices in tourism (Saarinen 2006). Farrell and Twining-Ward (2005) further expand this theoretical pos ition and write that a new thought in sustainable tourism depicts the world as constantly changing and full of uncertainty. Farrell and Twining-Ward (2005) recognise that changes in community and policy decisions greatly impact the nature of sustainability, and only theoretical approaches based on dynamic activities and change can serve the needs of students and researchers in sustainable tourism. This uncertainty actually led to the development of various theoretical models. Those models were expected to make the concept of sustainability more comprehensive and full. Macbeth, Carson and Northcote (2004) proposed a regional development perspective on sustainability to tackle with the limitations of more traditional resource-based models. Macbeth et al. (2004) assert that these models ignore the cultural and community aspects of tourism development, and a successful regional model of sustainable tourism will always contribute to the local social, political, and cultural capital (SPCC ). These principles are also echoed in Mowforth and Munt (2003) and Saarinen (2006). The notions of social theory and social capital are commonly used in sustainable tourism research. Hughes (2004) also applied to social theory in order to reduce the ambivalence surrounding the concept of sustainability in tourism. In Hughess (2004) view, sustainable tourism is a relevant response to a deep philosophic shift taking place in the tourism industry, when mass package models give place to individualisation and differentiation in holiday making. At the same time, researchers like Casagrandi and Rinaldi (2002) admit that implementing sustainability models in practice can be difficult and extremely problematic. Even in the presence of the best theoretical approaches, delivering quality tourism can be impossible without severely impacting the environment (Casagrandi Rinaldi 2002). One of the key questions asked by Casagrandi and Rinaldi (2002) is whether at all the concept of sustainability can be implemented in tourism, or whether it is designed merely to help businesses in the tourism industry generate profits. Lansing and De Vries (2007) discuss this issue in their work.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They claim that, because sustainability in tourism is so poorly defined, it is nothing but a marketing ploy (Lansing De Vries 2007). Sustainable tourism is expected to minimise the harm caused to the environment, but in reality, the level of pollution caused by traveling remains quite high (Lansing De Vries 2007). In economic terms, sustainability in tourism does little or nothing to reduce the problems posed by conventional tourism (Lansing De Vries 2007). These problems are further exacerbated by the lack of sustainability awareness in public. Miller, Rathouse, Scarles, Holmes and Tribe (2010) have explored the public understanding of sustainability in tourism and discovered that the respondents have little understanding of tourisms effects on their daily behaviours and practices. Moreover, the public does not feel empowered to manage their touristic and community activities in ways that benefit them (Miller et al. 2010). To a large extent, the tangible effects and benefits of sustainability in tourism remain more theoretical than practical. Nevertheless, the current literature contains numerous case studies of sustainable development in tourism and provides diverse opinions on how sustainability in tourism could be measured. Measuring Sustainability in Tourism The question of measuring sustainability is one of the most common themes in modern tourism research. Numerous researchers tried to define the limits and scope of sustainability in tourist activities. Various models have been proposed to enhance the measurability of sustainable activities in tourism. Nonetheless, the field of tourism lacks a single universal approach to sustainability measurement. Gossling, Hansson, Horstmeier and Saggel (2002) developed a methodological framework to calculate the ecological footprints of leisure tourism. At the core of the model are the impacts of air travel on the host environment: the researchers used the example of the Seychelles to prove that the ecological fo otprints model could be effectively used to meet the goals of sustainability measurement in tourism (Gossling et al. 2002). Later, Fernandez and Rivero (2009) recommended using a composite index to measure sustainability in tourism, based on factor loadings. Again, the example of Spanish tourism was used to prove that the proposed index could become a robust measure of sustainability in various tourist activities (Fernandez Rivero 2009). Simpson (2007) recommended using an integrated approach to assess the effects of tourism on sustainable livelihoods and community development. The proposed model incorporates the diverse factors and elements that impact sustainability, including geographical contexts, their employment and economic characteristics, ownership structure and governance, etc. (Simpson 2007). Despite the growing number of measurement models, the gap between theory and industry perceptions of useful sustainability indicators continues to persist (McCool, Moisey Nickerson 2001). Again, these controversies are rooted in the ambiguities of sustainable tourism, its concept and applications (McCool et al. 2001). Different agents pursue different goals and have different perceptions on which indicators should be used to achieve and measure sustainability. Therefore, it is difficult to imagine that scholars will arrive at any conceptual and measurement agreement anytime soon. Sustainability in Tourism: Application The current state of literature is rich in sustainability examples. Researchers develop case studies to analyse how sustainability can benefit tourism. Bearing in mind the controversies surrounding the concept of sustainability, the ways in which it is applied in tourism are also different. Still, the results of the recent real-life analyses can be used to identify and analyse the most common features of sustainable practices in tourism. The hotel industry is one of the most popular targets of sustainable tourism research. Chan and Lam (2003) ex plored a rooftop hotel pool as an example of sustainable practices in tourism. Chan and Lam (2003) confirmed that, due to considerable cost savings, the rooftop pool could become a relevant alternative to conventional pool equipment. In a similar fashion, Ayuso (2006) explored the use of voluntary tools of sustainability across several Spanish hotels. The results presented by Ayuso (2006) tell much about motivations behind the use of voluntary practices in tourism. On the one hand, hotel owners and managers display a limited understanding of the sustainability concept (Ayuso 2006). As a result, they are not always able to define how to meet their sustainability targets. On the other hand, voluntary sustainability practices are driven by factors other than the pursuit of economic profits (Ayuso 2006). Hotel managers often apply to sustainability in response to stakeholder demands or with respect to owners environmental concerns (Ayuso 2006). These results do not support the theoretic al assumptions of sustainability and its marketing benefits presented by Lansing and De Vries (2007). Lumsdon (2000) suggested that cycle tourism could become a relevant model of sustainability in tourism. The researcher explored the concept of a planned transport network, as applied in the UK (Lumsdon 2000). The model of planned transport networks incorporates four different stages, but Lumsdon (2000) believes that it has the potential to promote the idea of sustainability in local tourism. Muller (2000) proposed the model of second home tourism as a potential contributor to sustainability in rural areas. Muller (2000) used the examples of Northern Sweden and Finland to measure the effectiveness of second home tourism in the context of sustainability. Nasser (2003) also referred to sustainability through the prism of heritage places. The researcher proposed an integrated approach to managing heritage places that would help avoid the major conflicts between conservation and tourism needs (Nasser 2003). The results of these case studies suggest that different researchers have different visions of sustainability in tourism. Moreover, the way sustainability is defined and applied differs greatly across sites and destinations. The lack of uniformity and standardisation in sustainable applications further exacerbates the theoretical confusion surrounding the concept of sustainability in research. The current research into sustainability in tourism displays a series of methodological and conceptual limitations. First, sustainability lacks a single conceptual basis (Lansing De Vries 2007; Saarinen 2006). Second, the lack of clarity in defining and conceptualising sustainability makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of various sustainability practices in tourism. In the meantime, many questions related to sustainable practices in tourism remain overlooked or ignored. Researchers do not pay too much attention to the issues of tourist demand (Liu 2003). Others have a limited view of resource sustainability: preservation and conservation of tangible resources is clearly not enough to ensure that tourism is truly sustainable. Researchers and practitioners should appreciate the value of other, non-tangible resources that are essential, dynamic, and changeable (e.g. technological capabilities). The relationship between sustainability and tourism is often described in terms of meeting the needs of one stakeholder group or one generation of community members, while also ignoring the impacts of tourism on the future generations, as well as the distribution of tourism benefits across multiple stakeholders (Liu 2003). All these questions need relevant answers to ensure that the future research can present a balanced picture of sustainability in tourism. Conclusion The current state of literature provides rich information about sustainability in tourism. This review of literature was designed to highlight the major themes and limitations inherent in contemporary sustainable tourism research. To start with, researchers commonly agree that the concept of sustainability in tourism lacks a single universal definition. The definition of sustainability developed by the World Tourism Organisation is usually taken as the basis for policy development and analysis. Despite these controversies, researchers have applied a number of theories to reconsider the way sustainability in tourism works. Social theories are often used to review the fundamental elements of sustainable tourism. Some researchers acknowledge that sustainable tourism should contribute to the development of social and cultural capital. Nevertheless, the public remains unaware of the meaning of sustainability. Also, community members often feel disempowered to change the most common tourist practices. Contemporary researchers also lack any agreement on how sustainability in tourism should be measured. These difficulties stem from the lack of an adequate conceptual defin ition of sustainable tourism. In addition, the case studies of sustainable practices in tourism uncover a wide diversity of visions, decisions, and processes used by businesses to achieve and maintain a vision of sustainability in tourism. Unfortunately, the methodological and conceptual limitations of sustainable tourism research cannot be ignored. Researchers tend to ignore the importance of tourism demand, while also disregarding the ways, in which the benefits of sustainable tourism should be distributed among various community groups. Future researchers should focus on the analysis of sustainability and its conceptual underpinnings to arrive at a single and universally comprehensive definition of sustainability in tourism. References Ayuso, S 2006, Adoption of voluntary environmental tools for sustainable tourism: Analysing the experience of Spanish hotels, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, vol.13, pp.207-226. 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